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Microwave Transmissions Network Planning Level 1

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Duration: 5 Days

Workshop Overview

This intensive 5 day workshop discusses microwave link planning and microwave propagation in depth, as well as the meaning and significance of equipment parameters that determine the performance of a radio-relay path.

The workshop provides an in depth explanation of the formulas used in link planning, as well as the methods used to predict performance and unavailability for both the radio hop and for the radio circuit (or link). The ITU planning objectives are explained both for ITU regions and North America.

During this 5 day course, a great number of examples are used to facilitate the understanding of the steps and formulas involved in end to end microwave transmissions network planning.

The course begins with the basics of radio system design and analysis, addressing operating frequency, available spectrum, channel bandwidth, modulation schemes, radio access techniques, basic and advanced antenna systems. The course also covers the use of equipment specifications in link budget analysis and performing path loss analysis based on the type of propagation environment and signal distortions caused by time displacement of radio signals in non-line-of-sight environments.

The course relies heavily on instructor/class interaction, simulations and exercises that aid the participants to develop an intuitive understanding of both the theoretical concepts and their practical application. To be able to participate in the hands-on activities, a scientific calculator is recommended.

Key Benefits

Upon completion of the course, participants will be able to understand:

  • Objectives of Transmissions Engineering when planning and designing microwave links and networks.
  • Steps involved in planning and designing reliable and cost effective microwave networks.
  • Concepts of availability and outage
  • How to apply, if needed, appropriate Network Architectures to meet the required outage and performance objectives
  • Concepts of frequency specifications, capacity requirements and choice of available frequency bands.
  • Equipment ( infrastructure, route) protection requirements to meet availability objectives
  • Diversity arrangements to meet path reliability (outage) objectives.
  • Difference between legacy TDM and 3G deployed all IP Packet radios and their applications when planning microwave links

Pre-requisite

General knowledge of telecommunications engineering.

Who should attend

This workshop is highly recommended for telecommunication practicing engineers, network designers, engineering managers and IT professionals working for mobile operators and solution vendors who are responsible for planning, managing, optimization and maintenance of Transmission Network and systems.

Course Outline

Basic Planning
Understanding of Network Specifications
  • Network Topologies and Systems Configurations
  • ITU and National Frequency bands
  • Path lengths, terrain aspects and site selection
  • Equipment selection: radio-relay equipment, passive repeaters, antennas, waveguides, power supply, towers and masts, buildings, containers, shelters
Economic considerations  
Survey and site determination
Map study and use of Digital Terrain Models
  • Path Profile Generation and determination of sites
  • Field survey, Site survey, Path survey
  • Use of Global positioning system (GPS) and Differential Global positioning system (DGPS) and other Survey equipment
Engineering
Link Budget generation
  • Development and use of Free-space basic attenuation
  • Planning criteria for path clearance ( K factor, Fresnel Zones)
  • Antenna center line calculation and determination of optimized antenna heights
  • Analyze and confirm path clearance
  • Determine Path attenuation under varying propagation conditions and calculate unfaded receiver input level
  • Use of Attenuation due to atmospheric gases at higher frequencies
  • Influence of obstacles and partial clearance of the 1st Fresnel zone on path attenuation ( knife edge and smooth earth diffraction concepts)
  • Equipment , antenna and transmission line losses
  • Use of back to back Passive repeaters and their influence on the total path attenuation
  • Detailed analysis of Ground reflection, its calculation and countermeasures
Planning objectives for digital radio-relay systems
ITU and North American Performance and Reliability Objectives
  • Unavailability planning objectives
  • Error performance parameter definition
Performance planning objectives and available Recommendations (G821/826/827/828)  
Performance prediction
Fading and propagation models ( ITU R P 530 Model series)
  • Dispersive fading and Signature Curves, the equipment’s performance characteristic
  • The equipment’s sensitivity to distortions due to propagation effects (selective fading)
  • Detailed manual and computer assisted Performance calculation
  • The multipath occurrence factor
  • Performance prediction considering multipath fading and related mechanisms
  • Fading margin ( Flat, Dispersive combined)
  • Performance prediction considering distortions due to propagation effects (selective fading)
  • Performance and unavailability prediction considering precipitation
  • Attenuation caused by rain
  • Fading probability for one hop due to rain
  • Worst-month concept and average annual probability
  • Performance improvement Options and deployment scenarios
  • Diversity types, Diversity improvement and Total performance
  • Diversity improvement Factor calculations
Methods for alleviating the effects of tropospheric multipath fading  
Unavailability calculations
Unavailability and reliability of hardware
  • Single (unprotected) structures
  • Duplicated (protected) structures
  • Examples for protected radio-relay equipment
  • Line protection and diversity
  • Unavailability due to precipitation
  • Total unavailability
Frequency planning of radio-relay networks
Influence of interfering signals
The mechanism of interference ( co channel, over reach, adjacent channel)
  • The influence on the wanted signal ( C/I, T/I interpretation)
Setting up the frequency plan
Radio-frequency channel arrangements ( Hi Lo Rule)
  • International and National frequency plans
  • Frequency Splicing and frequency Combining
Interference calculation
Definition of interference and general calculation procedures
  • Antenna gain and discrimination angles
Adjacent-channel attenuation  
Total interference  
Counter measures